Kutengera mbiri yamakampani aku US Banking, pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa wobwereketsa nyumba ndi banki yogulitsa?
11/21/2022
Mbiri ya US Banking
Mu 1838, United States inakhazikitsa Free Banking Act, yomwe inalola kuti chitukuko chaulere cha gawo loyamba la zachuma.
Pa nthawiyo, aliyense amene anali ndi $100,000 ankatha kutsegula banki.
Makampani amabanki amalola mabizinesi osakanikirana, mabanki amalonda amatha kuthana ndi zobwereketsa za ngongole, komanso adakhudzidwanso ndi mabanki osungitsa ndalama ndi inshuwaransi, kutanthauza kuti mabanki sanangotenga ma depositors okha, komanso adatenga ndalama za depositors kuti apange ndalama zowopsa.
Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa mabanki aku US kudakula mwachangu, kukopeka ndi zofunikira zolowera momasuka komanso phindu lalikulu.
Komabe, ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha banki, kusowa kwa miyezo yofanana ndi kuyang'anira kwachititsa chisokonezo mu gawo la banki.
Panthawi ya Kukhumudwa Kwakukulu mu 1929, pamene mabanki adagwiritsa ntchito mosasamala ndalama za osunga ndalama kuti awononge ndalama zowopsa, kugwa kwa msika wa US stock market kunayambitsa kuthamangitsidwa kwa mabanki, ndipo mabanki oposa 9,000 analephera mkati mwa zaka zitatu - ntchito yosakanikirana yomwe imaonedwa kuti ndi chinthu chachikulu. poyambitsa Kupsinjika Kwakukulu.
Mu 1933, Congress idakhazikitsa Glass-Steagall Act, yomwe idaletsa kuphatikizika kwa mabanki ndikulekanitsa magwiridwe antchito a mabanki azamalonda ndi mabanki azamalonda, kutanthauza kuti ma depositi omwe amatengedwa ndi mabanki azamalonda atha kukhala pachiwopsezo chochepa.
JP Morgan Bank monga tikudziwira idayeneranso kugawanika kukhala JP Morgan Bank ndi Morgan Stanley Investment Bank panthawiyo.
Panthawiyi, gawo la mabanki aku America lidalowa gawo lopatukana.
Panthawi imeneyi, mabanki adachita bizinesi yogwirizana, ndipo kukula kwa bizinesiyo ndi kukula kwa bizinesiyo zinali zolephereka.
Mu December 1999, Financial Services Modernization Act inaperekedwa ku US, kuchotsa malire pakati pa mabanki, mabungwe achitetezo ndi mabungwe a inshuwalansi malinga ndi kukula kwa bizinesi, kutha pafupifupi zaka 70 zopatukana.
"Moyo wakale" wa ngongole zanyumba
Poyambirira, ngongole zanyumba zinali makamaka ngongole za Balloon Payment munthawi yochepa kapena yapakatikati.
Komabe, ngongolezi zinali zokhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa mitengo ya nyumba, ndipo pamene Kuvutika Kwakukulu kunayamba, mitengo ya nyumba inapitirizabe kutsika ndipo mabanki anakumana ndi ngongole zambiri zoipa, zomwe zinachititsa kuti anthu azikhala ndi nyumba zawo komanso anthu ambiri. mabanki akuwonongeka.
Pambuyo pavutoli, pofuna kulimbikitsa chuma ndi kuthetsa vuto la nyumba za anthu okhalamo, United States inayamba kuthandiza anthu kuti apeze ngongole zanyumba monga chitsimikizo cha boma.
Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA kapena Fannie Mae) idakhazikitsidwa mu 1938 makamaka kuti igule ngongole zanyumba zomwe Federal Housing Administration (FHA) ndi Veterans Administration (VA) idayamba ndipo idayamba kugula ngongole zanyumba zomwe sizili zaboma mu 1972.
Panthawi imeneyo, msika wa ngongole zonse udakali wovuta kwambiri, ndipo motsutsana ndi maziko a magawo, mabanki a ndalama pang'onopang'ono adapeza kuti kudzera muchitetezo cha katundu, akhoza kuwononga ngongole yanyumba imodzi yokhala ndi ndalama zambiri. zomangira zocheperako, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri.
Chifukwa chake, mu 1970, boma lidapanga Federal Home Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC kapena Freddie Mac) kuti ikhazikitse msika wachiwiri wazobwereketsa nyumba.
Kupanga kwa Freddie Mac mwachindunji kunathandizira kukulitsa msika wachiwiri wanyumba zobwereketsa nyumba ndikuloleza kubweza ngongole yanyumba.
Kusiyana pakati pa Mortgage Lender ndi Retail Bank
Pamene wobwereka akuganiza zofunsira ngongole yanyumba, njira ziwiri zodziwika bwino ndi kupita ku banki (Retail Bank) kapena kwa mortgage broker (Mortgage Lender).
Banki yogulitsa (banki yamalonda), kumbali ina, nthawi zambiri imakhala kampani yosakanikirana yomwe imapereka ngongole zanyumba komanso ntchito zachuma monga kusunga, makhadi a ngongole, ngongole zamagalimoto, ndi ndalama.
Wobwereka akafika ku banki inayake, amangopeza chidziwitso ndi ntchito za bankiyo, ndipo ntchito za banki nthawi zambiri zimakhala zongongole zokha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kugwirizanitsa zovuta za ubale pakati pa nyumba ndi ngongole.
Ngakhale ndalama za banki yogulitsira zimakhala zotsika, wobwereketsa wobwereketsa nthawi zambiri amapereka ntchito zaukadaulo, kuyankha mwachangu, komanso kusankha kwazinthu zambiri kwa anthu ambiri.
Wobwereketsa Ngongole atha kupatsa obwereketsa upangiri wokwanira komanso waukadaulo wangongole, kuthandiza alendo kuyankha mafunso ovuta osiyanasiyana okhudza ngongole ndi ma portfolios azandalama, ndikupeza zoyenera wobwereketsa pakati pa zinthu zambiri.
Izi zikutanthawuzanso kuti udindo wa wobwereketsa ndi wabwino kwambiri kwa obwereketsa, chifukwa ali ndi zosankha zambiri komanso zopindulitsa.
Titha kunena kuti kupeza wobwereketsa wanyumba yabwino komanso woyambitsa ngongole yanyumba kumatha kupulumutsa wobwereketsa ndalama, nthawi, ndikupeza chidziwitso chabwino kwambiri nthawi yoyamba.
Ndemanga: Nkhaniyi idasinthidwa ndi AAA LENDINGS;zina mwazithunzi zidatengedwa pa intaneti, pomwe malowa sakuyimiridwa ndipo sangasindikizidwenso popanda chilolezo.Pali zoopsa pamsika ndipo ndalama ziyenera kukhala zosamala.Nkhaniyi sikupanga upangiri wandalama zaumwini, komanso sikuganizira zolinga zazachuma, zachuma kapena zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito.Ogwiritsa ntchito akuyenera kuganizira ngati malingaliro, malingaliro kapena malingaliro omwe ali pano ali ogwirizana ndi momwe alili.Invest molingana ndi chiopsezo chanu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-22-2022