Chifukwa chiyani Prime Rate ndi yofunika kwambiri m'malingaliro a mabanki'?
10/10/2022
Chiyambi cha Prime Rate
Kupsinjika Kwakukulu Kusanachitike, mitengo yobwereketsa ku US idamasulidwa, ndipo banki iliyonse idakhazikitsa ndalama zake zobwereketsa poganizira mtengo wandalama, zolipirira zoopsa, ndi zina.
Mu 1929, US idalowa mu Chisokonezo Chachikulu - chuma chaku US chikalowa pansi, mabizinesi adatsekedwa mochulukira, ndipo ndalama za anthu okhalamo zidatsika.
Chifukwa chake, kusalinganika pakati pa kupezeka ndi kufunikira kwa ndalama kudawonekera pamsika, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mabizinesi oyenera ngongole ndi omwe adalandira ngongole yabwino kudatsika mwachangu.Komabe, mabanki anali ndi ndalama zochulukirapo ndipo amafunikira kupeza malo opangira ndalama.
Pofuna kusunga kuchuluka kwa ngongole, mabanki ena amalonda anayamba kutsitsa mwadala miyezo ya ngongole, makampani ena osayenerera anaphatikizidwanso m'gulu la ngongole zomwe akufuna, mabanki amapikisana ndi makasitomala amakampani ndipo adayambanso kuchotsera chiwongoladzanja.
Kulipira kwa banki komwe kunapangitsa kuti chuma chiwonjezeke chifukwa mabanki omwe anali ndi ndalama zosweka adasokonekera, zomwe zikukulitsa kutsika kwachuma.
Pofuna kupewa mpikisano woyipa pakati pa mabanki ndikuwongolera msika wosunga ndi ngongole, Federal Reserve idakhazikitsa njira zingapo, imodzi mwazomwe ndizomwe zimabwereketsa - Prime Rate.
Ndondomekoyi imalimbikitsa kukhazikitsa chiwongola dzanja chimodzi kuti chikhale chiwongola dzanja chochepa pa ngongole, ndipo mabanki akuyenera kubwereketsa pamitengo yoposa iyi kuti akhazikitse dongosolo la msika.
Kodi Prime Rate imawerengedwa bwanji?
Loan Prime Rate (yomwe pambuyo pake imatchedwa LPR), ndi chiwongola dzanja chomwe mabanki azamalonda amalipira ngongole kwa makasitomala awo okhala ndi ziwongola dzanja zapamwamba kwambiri - obwereketsa omwe ali ndi ngongole kwambiri amakhala ena mwamakampani akulu kwambiri.
M'zaka za m'ma 1930, poyambitsa Wall Street Journal, LPR idawerengedwa polemba zolemba 22-23 kuchokera ku mabanki akuluakulu amalonda a 30 ku United States, osankhidwa motsatira malamulo owonetsera LPR pamsika, ndipo amafalitsidwa nthawi zonse. m'kope la pepala la Wall Street Journal, ndipo Prime Rate yosindikizidwa iyi imayimira malire otsika amitengo yonse yobwereketsa pamsika.
Njira yodziwira kuchuluka kwa LPR idasinthika pafupifupi zaka makumi asanu ndi atatu: Poyambirira, mabanki ambiri adagwira mawu a Federal Funds Target Rate (FFTR) pomwe mabanki anali ndi ufulu wambiri wowongolera chiwongola dzanja.
Mu 1994, komabe, Federal Reserve inagwirizana ndi mabanki amalonda kuti LPR idzatenga mawonekedwe a chiwongoladzanja chokwanira ku ndalama za federal, ndi ndondomeko kukhala Prime Rate = Federal Funds Target Rate + 300 maziko.
Mfundo za 300 izi ndi mtengo wapakati, kutanthauza kuti kufalikira pakati pa Prime Rate ndi Federal Funds Rate kumaloledwa kusinthasintha pang'ono pamwamba ndi pansi pa 300 maziko.Kwa nthawi yayitali kuyambira 1994, kufalikira kumeneku kwakhala pakati pa 280 ndi 320 maziko.
Kuyambira mchaka cha 2008, pomwe mabanki adachulukirachulukira ndipo mabanki ambiri amayendetsedwa ndi mabanki ochepa, kuchuluka kwa mabanki omwe adalembedwa pa LPR kudachepetsedwa kufika khumi, pomwe mitengo ya LPR yosindikizidwa pa Wall Street idasintha pomwe mitengo yayikulu. za mabanki asanu ndi awiri asinthidwa.
Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira yowerengera iyi, mabanki azamalonda adatsala pang'ono kutaya ufulu wawo wodzilamulira pakusintha Prime Rate.
Chifukwa chiyani ndiyenera kusamala za Prime Rate?
The Prime Rate, yofalitsidwa ndi Wall Street Journal, ndi chizindikiro cha chiwongoladzanja ku US ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chiwongoladzanja ndi mabanki oposa 70%.
Chiwongola dzanja pa ngongole za ogula nthawi zambiri zimamangidwa pamtengo wapamwambawu, ndipo mtengowu ukasintha, ogula ambiri amawonanso kusintha kwa chiwongola dzanja pamakhadi angongole, ngongole zamagalimoto, ndi ngongole zina za ogula.
Tangonena kumene kuti kuwerengera kwa mtengo wapamwamba kumachokera ku Federal Funds Target Rate + 300 maziko a mfundo, ndipo "Federal Funds Target Rate" ndi "Chidwi" cha Fed pakukwera kwa chiwongola dzanja chaka chino.
Ndalama zitakweza mitengo kachitatu mu Seputembala ndi mfundo 75, chiwongola dzanja chakwera kufika pa 3% mpaka 3.25% ndikuwonjezera kuti 3% ya ndalama zoyambira ndizochepera zomwe zabwereketsa pamsika.
Chithunzi chojambula: https://www.freddiemac.com/pmms
Lachinayi, Freddie Mac adanenanso za chiwongola dzanja chokhazikika chazaka 30 chomwe chili pafupifupi 6.7% - chokwera kuposa momwe timaganizira zamtengo wapatali.
Mawerengedwe omwe ali pamwambawa amatipatsanso kumvetsetsa bwino momwe kukwera kwa mtengowo kudafalidwira mwachangu kumsika wanyumba.
Kusintha kwa mtengo wamtengo wapatali kudzakhalanso ndi chiyambukiro chachindunji pa ngongole zina zanyumba, monga ngongole zosinthika, zomwe zimasinthidwa chaka ndi chaka, ndi Ngongole za Home Equity (HELOCs), zomwe zimangiriridwa mwachindunji kumtengo wamtengo wapatali.
Popeza tamvetsetsa "moyo wam'mbuyomu" wamtengo wapatali, ndizothandiza kwambiri kwa ife kuyang'anira momwe chiwongolero chanyumba chikuyendera, komanso poganizira ndondomeko yowonjezereka ya ndalama za Fed, ogula nyumba omwe ali ndi zosowa za ngongole ayenera kuyamba mofulumira kuti asaphonye nthawi yabwino yopezera ndalama. mlingo wotsika.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-11-2022